Ways to Evaluate End-of-Life Care in Nursing Homes

While nursing homes are the place where an estimated 30 per cent of Americans die, there currently exists no way to compare which institutions do a better job at managing end of life care. A new study is starting a discussion over the need to create end of life quality measures in order to both inform consumers and provide nursing homes with incentive to improve care.

"Nursing homes are increasingly becoming the place where people go to die," said Helena Temkin-Greener of Community and Preventive Medicine at the University of Rochester Medical Centre (URMC). "By 2020, the percentage of people who die in these institutions will grow to 40 per cent. And yet while we have seen an explosion of health care “report cards” none of them can tell us which nursing homes are better at providing end of life care."

The federal Centres for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) compiles a wide range of information from staffing levels, inspection results, and measures of the quality of care – such a pressure sores, infections, and incontinence – for more than 16,000 nursing homes across the nation. While this information allows consumers to compare the performance of nursing homes for a number of aspects of care, it does not indicate how well or poorly a facility provides end of life care.

"The lack of measures of quality of care provided to dying residents not only denies patients and families the ability to make informed choices, but it also means that nursing homes do not have the information and the incentives to improve quality of end of life care," said Dana B. Mukamel of the University of California. "We know that there is a correlation between the publishing of quality measure and subsequent steps taken by providers – be that a nursing home or a hospital – to improve care."

The use of hospice care – in which specialists in areas of pain and symptom management and psychological, emotional, and spiritual support and counselling are brought in to treat dying residents – also indicates a higher level of end of life care quality. Currently, an estimated 33 per cent of nursing home residents received hospice care at the time of their death.

The authors are also studying two other quality measures that could signal the quality of end of life care – pain management and shortness of breath. "We believe that these measures, which can be readily calculated from data already being collected, have the potential to measure the quality of end of life care in nursing homes," said Mukamel. "This is the first attempt to identify such a measure and we hope that this leads to a long overdue discussion in the health care community regarding this important topic."

REHACARE.de; Source: University of Rochester Medical Centre